Model Penelitian Sejarah Islam

Abstract

The study of Islamic history is a complex and multidimensional field of scholarship because it involves various social, cultural, political, and religious aspects across a long historical span. This paper aims to examine and analyze diverse models of Islamic historical research, ranging from traditional (classical), philological, and sociological critical (modern) models, to archaeological and epigraphic approaches, as well as the integrative interconnective (contemporary) model. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using library research methods and is analyzed through content analysis and comparative analytical techniques. The findings indicate that each research model has its own characteristics, strengths, and contributions to the reconstruction of Islamic history. The traditional model emphasizes the validity of transmitted reports, the philological model focuses on textual and manuscript criticism, while the sociological critical model as well as archaeological and epigraphic approaches broaden the sources and perspectives of Islamic historiography. These approaches are subsequently synthesized within an integrative interconnective model grounded in the paradigm of tawhid and the integration of knowledge, thereby enabling a more holistic, critical, and academically relevant understanding of Islamic history in response to contemporary scholarly challenges.